This study investigates the efficiency of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating untreated wastewater. A range of variables, including membrane pore size and temperature, were adjusted to optimize system performance. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a effective solution for wastewater treatment

Membrane bioreactors MBRs represent a sophisticated technology in wastewater treatment. This process seamlessly integrates biological purification with membrane retention, achieving superior clarity of treated water. MBRs excel in producing effluent that exceeds stringent discharge regulations. The flexibility of MBR technology enables its applica